What principle of design describes symmetry about a vertical axis in which both sides appear identical?

• A. Symmetrical (formal balance)
• B. Asymmetrical (informal balance)
• C. Radial balance
• D. Hierarchical balance

Answer: (A)

Symmetrical balance occurs when the composition is mirrored across a vertical axis, so both sides are visually identical. This mirror-like arrangement creates a stable, formal impression because the weight, spacing, and elements on one side perfectly match the other. In contrast, asymmetrical balance achieves balance with different elements that still feel equal in visual weight, radial balance centers elements around a focal point, and hierarchical balance focuses on guiding the viewer’s attention through varying levels of importance rather than exact symmetry.